L’agroforesterie moyen d’atténuation et d’adaptation au changement global

Abstract

Conventional agriculture has become an obstacle to sustainable rural development through the emission of greenhouse gases, the reduction of biodiversity and the pollution of soil and water. It must be one of the main levers to be activated for better mitigation and adaptation to global warming. Agroecosystems and more specifically agroforestry is often seen as a multi-income, job-creating and more environmentally friendly activity. It allows an almost permanent vegetation cover protecting the soil against any form of degradation and at the same time capturing CO2 and sequestering carbon for the manufacture of organic matter. The study took place in the volcanic and forest region of Girona in northeastern Spain where a rapidly expanding agroforestry area was demarcated with three observation stations. The agroforestry practices encountered are numerous and diversified and have been the subject of a typology and classification in order to discern their effectiveness according to pedoclimatic, socio-economic and environmental conditions. Thus, agroforestry remains an innovative agricultural practice to be developed. It allows for better use and preservation of natural resources, greater biological diversity, additional incomes, healthy agricultural products and a microclimate conducive to increased yields, thus meeting the principles of sustainable rural development in the context of global change.