Caractéristiques physicochimiques et activité antioxydante de quelques extraits de la propolis de l'Ouest Algérien - étude in vitro -

Abstract

Propolis is a product made by bees (Apis mellifera) from plant resins, known for its richness in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. It is one of the most studied beehive products in apitherapy because of its considerable therapeutic potential. The objective of our study is to characterize five varieties of propolis from western Algeria (Tlemcen, Tiaret, Oran, Relizane and Mostaganem) by physicochemical analyses, phytochemical screening, quantitative assays of secondary metabolites, FTIR-ATR analysis as well as to evaluate their antioxidant activity by three tests (DPPH, ABTS and CAT), performed on hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts. The results revealed a notable inter-regional variability, with a confirmed presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and other secondary metabolites in all these extracts. The characteristic functional groups were detected by FTIR-ATR and the hydroethanolic extracts showed a higher antioxidant activity than those of the aqueous extracts, in direct connection with their richness in phenolic compounds. These results confirm the antioxidant potential of propolis from western Algeria, support its use in natural approaches and fight against oxidative stress and cell protection.