Evaluation de l'effet protecteur de la gomme arabique contre la toxicité induite par l'Azithromycine chez le rat.

Abstract

Oxidative stress constitutes a major pathogenic factor involved in the initiation and progression of numerous hepatic, renal, and neurological toxicities. The objective of this study is to evaluate for the first time, the hepato/nephroprotective effect of a hydroethanolic extract of arabic gum (Acacia) originating from Algeria against oxidative stress induced by azithromycin in Wistar rats. The experimental protocol took place over 33 days, with a daily administration of the antibiotic and treatments by gastric gavage. Five groups (n=5) were classified into a control group receiving distilled water (T), and four groups having received azithromycin at 30 mg/kg, including an untreated toxicity model group (AZT), two others treated with the arabic gum extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg (Azt-GAD1 and Azt-GAD2 respectively), and a group treated with ascorbic acid at 50 mg/kg (Azt-ATD) as an antioxidant reference. The evaluation of the antioxidant potential was carried out by biochemical analyses of hepatic (SGOT, SGPT, ALP) and renal (urea, creatinine) markers, thus revealing significant improvements particularly in ALP levels in the groups treated with arabic gum. The histological study of the hepatic tissue revealed a reduction in signs of steatosis and cholestasis, particularly in the Azt-GAD2 group. As for the renal tissue, it manifested a restoration of the glomerular and tubular architecture with a decrease in interstitial fibrosis in the same group. This confirms the observed biochemical benefits in a dose-dependent manner. At the level of the brain tissue, no notable histological modification was observed between the different groups, suggesting the absence of a significant neuroprotective effect under the experimental conditions of this study. These results suggest that the hydroethanolic extract of arabic gum, of Algerian origin from the Béchar region, possibly possesses promising antioxidant properties, which could constitute a therapeutic basis for the prevention and treatment of disorders related to oxidative stress.