SARS-CoV-2 : physiopathologie, structure et expression du génome.

Abstract

At the end of December 2019, an unprecedented 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the SARS 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan became the most difficult health emergency. Like all self-respecting viruses, SARS-COV-2 cannot reproduce on its own, unlike bacteria, animal or plant cells, it needs host cells to reproduce and unfortunately the host is us.The characteristic trait of SARS-COV-2 is related to its transmission. To understand how it works, we need to know its structure, which plays a very important role in the protection of genetic material and its integration into the cell. The virus uses the spicules of its crown in the manner of keys which will fit on the ACE2 receptor the entry lock of the targeted cell, once it recognizes its target, it interferes inside by forcing the cell to internalize it in a vesicle. Once released, it will immediately be used by the liposomes, and exploits the cellular machinery to replicate, then express its genome in order to produce all the structural and non-structural proteins that it needs, but also to block certain processes such as the translation. Once all the spare parts are made, they come together to form new functional virions. The freshly assembled SARS-COV-2 viral particles will borrow the cell's transport vesicles up to the membrane when the vesicles merge with the cell membrane, the new viruses escape and are able to infect other cells to restart the cycle. Like all RNA viruses, its genome will undergo a lot of mutations that will allow it to express itself in more virulent variants in some cases, which can be very problematic for a pandemic like the one we are living in.