Recherche de quelques enzymes impliqués dans la biodégradation des biodéchets chez une Actinobactérie et des Bacillus de l’eau de mer.

Abstract

Bio-waste can have a significant environmental impact if not managed appropriately, contributing to air, water and soil pollution. The efficient degradation of bio-waste is crucial to reduce its environmental impact. Enzymes play an essential role in this degradation process. The latter are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions, in this case, the degradation of organic compounds in bio-waste into simpler compounds that are more easily recyclable by micro-organisms present in the environment. In the present work the research focused on the detection of specific enzymes such as (proteases and amylases) from 12 isoltas of Bacillus and an actinobacterium isolated from the sea sand of the beach of Sid Mejedoub. After their isolation and purification on GN, the latter were identified by macroscopic and microscopic examinations and some biochemical examinations and enzymatic activity tests. The results of these examinations revealed that all 12 Bacillus isolates are present as Gram-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative rods capable of forming spores and that the actinobacteria were filamentous Gram-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-like forms negative and capable of forming conidia. Most of the isolates studied presented at least two hydrolytic enzymatic activities. All Bacillus isolates from the sand of the Sidi Mejdoub beach hydrolyzed gelatin but only some of them hydrolyzed milk protein and starch. Additionally, an assessment of salinity tolerance revealed that both isolates were able to tolerate high levels of salinity (6.5% and 9% Nacl). The study of these bacteria and their enzymatic activities opens perspectives on this marine microbial flora for the search of new biocatalysts with interesting properties in the industrial and environmental field. Understanding the specific enzymatic activities of these bacteria can lead to the development of more effective methods of managing and treating bio-waste, thereby helping to reduce their negative environmental impact.