Comparative assessment of cardiorespiratory function and physical fitness in students with chronic respiratory diseases versus healthy students

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the functional performance of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the physical fitness levels, of students aged 14–17 years with chronic respiratory diseases compared to their healthy peers. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, including analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, and functional assessments. A pedagogical experiment was conducted at two secondary schools in Mostaganem, Algeria, involving 26 students with chronic respiratory conditions (17 boys, 9 girls) and 25 healthy peers (18 boys, 7 girls). Key indicators such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, vital lung capacity, and results from the Stange and Henchi tests were measured. Physical fitness was assessed through a 30-meter sprint, medicine ball throws, pull-ups, and flexibility tests. Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups. Students with chronic respiratory diseases exhibited higher diastolic blood pressure (p < .05) and elevated heart rates at rest, post-exercise, and during recovery, indicating reduced cardiovascular adaptability. Respiratory function tests revealed substantial age lags (Stange: 21.7% in boys, 21.0% in girls; Henchi: 47.5% in boys, 39.7% in girls). Vital lung capacity was significantly lower (43.7% lag in boys, 51.8% in girls). Physical fitness tests demonstrated notable deficits in speed, strength, and flexibility, with significant differences (p < .05) across all metrics. Discussion: The findings highlight the profound impact of chronic respiratory diseases on cardiovascular and respiratory function, as well as physical fitness, in students. These results underscore the need for personalised physical education programs and healthcare interventions to address these differences. Implementing inclusive strategies and targeted support can enhance the quality of life and long-term health outcomes for students with chronic respiratory conditions.