Résumé:
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a mycobacterium of the tuberculosis complex
mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bacillus of Koch, the pulmonary attack is the most
frequent of the localizations and represents the usual source of transmission. It still remains a
public health problem in the world and in particular in Algeria, this disease due to several factors
involved such as: social and behavioural factors, physiological and genetic factors and factors
related to immunosuppression…etc.
The study of genetic epidemiology is done thanks to the genome study of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis by different genotyping method the diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the
demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The demonstration can be direct, by microscopic
examination and culture or indirect, by detecting the presence of mycobacterium DNA or RNA
(amplification technique). the radiological examination and the clinical symptoms provide clues
but do not constitute a formal proof of tuberculosis, our work is carried out at the levels of the
hospital Chi Guevaralaboratory of the Wilaya of Mostaganem based on the direct microscopic
examination by coloring of Ziehl-Neelsen and the descriptive retrospective study, focused on
146 positive cases recorded in the year 2019 per month and by gender
