Résumé:
Nosocomial infections pose a real public health problem because of their frequency, severity and socioeconomic cost.
The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of nosocomial infections and to identify the responsible microorganisms and the main risk factors linked to the acquisition of nosocomial infections within the two medical services, Pneumology and Infectious diseases. Bacterial strains were collected from samples taken at the bacteriology laboratory of the "Ibn Zohr" hospital in Guelma.
Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed for the following isolated bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
The results obtained show that 85.71% of the strains of Escherichia .coli are resistant to Ticarcillin, 80% of the strains are resistant to tetracycline, 50% are resistant to Chloramphenicol and a low percentage was observed for Ciprofloxacin (28.57%) P.aeruginosa are resistant to Ticarcillin, Ciprofloxacin and Imipeneme with a rate estimated by 25% but 100% of P.aeruginosa strains are resistant to Rifampicin.
The S. aureus strain is resistant to tetracycline.
To avoid or at least reduce nosocomial infections, certain preventive measures must be observed to ensure the safety of patients and even hospital staff who will in the future allow them to be applied in order to improve the quality of care, ensure the safety of the patient, hospital environment, hand hygiene, wearing gloves.
