Résumé:
Anemia is a common complication during the course of several diseases, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite its high prevalence, anemia often does not receive appropriate clinical attention.
The objective of our work is to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of anemia in IBD patients in the region of Mostaganem, and then to determine their biochemical profile.
A total of 16 anemic patients (sex ratio F/G, 9/7) with IBD [10 cases of Crohn's disease and 6 cases of hemorrhagic rectocolitis (UC)], with a mean age of 42 years ± 3.60 were included. Our study was conducted over a period of 1 month at the medical analysis laboratory Dr. Adnane, Mostaganem. The biochemical profile of the patients was evaluated by determining the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb), the level of MCV and MCHC as well as the level of C-reactive protein (CRP). The martial status [iron level, serum ferritin level, transferrin saturation coefficient (TSC) and transferrin iron binding capacity (TIB)] was also analyzed.
Our results show: -Frequency peaks in the age groups [40-60 years] and [20-40 years] with respective percentages of 50% and 43.75%. -A slight female predominance with a percentage of 56%. The sex ratio (F/H) was 1.28. -A dominance of hypochromic microcytic anemia for all patients with a decreased Hb level and VGM and CCMH content. -During Crohn's disease, the anemia varied from mild to moderate with a perfect equality (40% for each). While in UC, anemia varied from moderate to severe (83.33%vs16.66%). -50% of patients had iron deficiency anemia, 31.25% inflammatory anemia and 18.75% mixed anemia.
-Anemia was more frequent in patients in relapse (87.5%) than in those in remission (12.5%).
-Iron deficiency anemia was predominant in Crohn's patients (60%), whereas in UC patients inflammatory anemia was the most common (50%). -An alteration of the martial balance in all anemic/IBD patients, whatever the type of anemia considered.
-An increase in the CRP level in inflammatory anemia (138.06mg/l) and mixed anemia (113.26mg/l) compared to iron deficiency anemia (4.72mg/l).
These results agree with those of the literature and confirm the high frequency of anemia inIBD and its multiple etiologies.
